ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)A. The history of AIA. Time "Stone" (1943-1956) Logic Theory (Alan Newell and Herbert Simon) The birth of AI: Dartmouth Workshop - Summer 1956 John McCarthy's given name fields: artificial intelligence2. Early Enthusiasm, Great Expectations (1952-1969) McCarthy (1958)- Defines a Lisp- Find a time-sharing- Advice Taker Learning without knowledge Evolutionary Learning Robinson resolution method. Many small demonstration of the behavior of "intelligent"Over-optimistic prediction  Simon3. Dark period (1966-1973) AI did not develop The failure of a natural language translation approach based on simple grammars and dictionary words. English translation of the popular re-> Russian-> English The discovery of natural language processing is stopped.4. Renaissance (1969-1979) paradigm change in the settlement: From the settlement of the issue-based "search-based" a knowledge-based problem solving.5. Industrial era (1980-present) The first successful commercial expert systems. Many AI companies. Exploration of learning strategies is mixed.6. Maturity (1987-present) The changes in the scope and methodology of the research field of Artificial Intelligence. Building on existing theories, rather than just proposing a new theory. claims based on the theorem and experiment, rather than on intuition. demonstrate relevance to the real application, not on the example of "toy".7. Intelligent agent (1995-present)• The realization that initially separated in the sub from Artificial Intelligence have reorganized when the results are tied together into a single agent design. A process of reintegration of the different sub-areas of the MB to form a "whole agent": "agent perspective" of AI agent architectures multi-agent systems; agent for the application of different types, web agents.
Definition of intelligence
 ArtificialMeaning of Intelligencethe ability to ... learn or understand from experience, understand the contradictory and ambiguous messages, respond quickly and well above
    new situation, using reasoning to solve problems and solve them effectively(Winston and Pendergast, 1994)DEFINITION AI It is the area of ​​research, application and instructions related to programming a computer to do something - that in view of the man is - intelligent (HA Simon [1987]) A study of how to make computers do things which at present can be done better by humans (Rich and Kinight [1991]) Artificial Intelligence is part of computer science that studies (in terms of design) berintelegensi computer systems, ie systems that have characteristics such as human thought. (Avron Barr and Edward E. Feigenbaum in his book "The Handbook of AI").Detail Artificial Intelligence Intelligence PerspectiveArtificial intelligence to be able to make intelligent machines (as do humans do). Research PerspectiveArtificial intelligence is the study of how to make a computer can do things that humans do best. Business ViewpointArtificial intelligence is a very powerful set of tools and methodology in solving business problems Programmers PerspectiveArtificial intelligence includes the study of symbolic programming, problem solving, and search (searching)2 The Main AI Knowledge Base (knowledge base)contains facts, theories, thoughts and relationships with each other component. Motor inference (inference engine)Ability of drawing conclusions based on experience. Relating to the representation and the duplication process by the machine (eg, computers and robots).The concept of Artificial Intelligence Work Turing TestMethod of Testing Intelligence (Alan Turing).This testing process involves a requester (human) and two objects that were questioned.Symbolic Processing The essential nature of AI is that AI is part of computer science that make the process of symbolic and non-algorithmic in problem solving. HeuristicA strategy to perform the search process (search) problem space effectively, which guides the search process we have done along the lines that have the greatest chance of success. Inference (Drawing Conclusions) à AI tried to make the machine has the ability to think or consider (reasoning), including the processes (inferencing) based on the facts and rules by using heuristic methods, etc. Pattern Matching (Pattern Matching) à Trying to explain the objects, events (events) or processes, or computational logic in the relationshipResults The development of AIA. Deep Blue beat Kasparov, world chess champion.2. PEGASUS, a speech understanding system that is able to handle transactions such as getting the cheapest air ticket information.3. MARVEL: a real-time expert system monitors the flow of data from the Voyager aircraft and any anomalous signal.4. Robot system to drive a car with a fast speed on public highways.5. Intelligent agent for the various domains that increases at a very high rate.6. Subject matter experts to teach a learning agent reasoning in the center of gravity determination.Purpose of Artificial Intelligence Making computers smarter Understanding of intelligence Making machines more usefulAdvantages of AI The computer of the future will provide pleasure, comfort, and pleasure is higher for users. Things that are offered for the users of computer artificial intelligence: Will be able to communicate with a computer with natural language / language of everyday people. Will be free from having to learn programming languages ​​and operating systems. The untrained computer users will even produce works that are useful to their interests by using the computer. Using a computer would be more difficult daaripada using the telephone. The computer will become more and more useful. This is because the fields had a problem that can not be solved by a computer will now be solved with artificial intelligence techniquesDisadvantages / Weaknesses AI The cost of development and artificial intelligence research is very expensive. The development of applications of artificial intelligence is very difficult and takes a very long time. The small number of specialized software for artificial intelligence. Not teerciptanya interface (interface) specifically for natural language artificial intelligence.